Addition polymerisation

a. Polymer X can be formed from an alkene. The structure of polymer X is shown in

State the type of polymerisation involved in the formation of polymer X

b.

i. Draw the monomer used to form polymer X

ii. Name polymer X

a. The type of polymerisation involved in the formation of polymer X is addition polymerisation wherein lengthy chains of polymers are formed by monomers with at least one C=C double bond.

b.

i. The monomer used to form this polymer X is 

ii. This is poly(propene)

Suggest three reasons why the disposal of poly(alkene)s would prove to be a challenge

The reasons why the disposal of poly(alkene)s would prove to be a challenge is that unreactive, resistant to chemical reaction, non-biodegradable and  toxic chemicals gas when burnt.

a. Butene can exist as three isomers.

Isomer A is a position isomer of isomers B and C and does not show geometric isomerism. 

Isomers B and C are geometric isomers of each other.

Isomer B is the cis isomer.

Isomer C is the trans isomer.

i. Draw the displayed formulae of the three isomers, A, B and C, of butene

ii. Name all three isomers, A, B and C, of butene

b. Draw the displayed formula of the addition polymer formed by isomer A

a.

i. 

ii. 

All three isomers, A, B and C are named

isomer A: but-1-ene

isomer B: cis-but-2-ene

isomer C: trans-but-2-ene

b. The displayed formula of the addition polymer formed by isomer A

a. A molecule of chloroethene is shown in

Chlorothene can be polymerised to form poly(chloroethene).

State the alternative name for poly(chloroethene).

b. Draw a diagram of the structure of poly(chloroethene) including three repeat units

a. The alternative name for poly(chloroethene) is poly(vinyl chloride)/PVC

b. A diagram of the structure of poly(chloroethene) including three repeat units

a. Addition polymers are made by the polymerisation of alkenes.

Explain what is meant by the term addition polymerisation.

b. Trans-hept-2-ene can be made into an addition polymer

i. Give the displayed formula of trans-hept-2-ene

ii. Draw the structure of poly(hept-2-ene) showing two repeat units

a. The term addition polymerisation is the reaction in which monomers containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds react together to form long-chain molecules called polymers

b.

i. The displayed formula of trans-hept-2-ene

ii. The structure of poly(hept-2-ene) showing two repeat units

a. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer which is rigid enough for use as a drainpipe and flexible enough for plastic aprons. State the IUPAC name of PVC.

b. Figure below shows a section of the PVC polymer

i. Draw the repeating unit of PVC

ii. Draw the structure and state the name of the monomer of the PVC polymer

iii. Write the equation to represent the formation of PVC from its monomer

a. The IUPAC name of PVC is poly(chloroethene)

b.

i. The repeating unit of PVC

ii. The structure and state the name of the monomer of the PVC polymer

the name of the monomer of the PVC polymer is chloroethene

iii. The equation to represent the formation of PVC from its monomer

Poly(ethenol) is a polymer used to make dissolvable plastic bags. It can be made by addition polymerisation of CH₂=CH(OH).

Which structure shows a polymer chain consisting of two monomer residues?

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

The answer is A

 B is incorrect because the first monomer is correct but the second one is not

C is incorrect because the hydroxyl group should remain unchanged and not react with others

D is incorrect because the hydroxyl group should remain unchanged and not react with others

Plastic waste can be incinerated to provide heat for power stations.

Why is PVC, polyvinylchloride, removed from any plastic waste that is to be incinerated?

A. It does not burn easily

B. Its combustion products are harmful

C. It is easily biodegradable

D. It destroys the ozone layer

The answer is B

 A is incorrect because PVC is highly flammable

C is incorrect because PVC is non-biodegradable

D is incorrect because PVC does not generate chlorine-free radicals to serve as a catalyst for ozone reaction

The diagram below shows 2-methylpropene, C₄H₈, a monomer used in the production of synthetic rubber

What is the compound formed by 2-methylpropene when it undergoes addition polymerisation?

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

The answer is B

A is incorrect because the repeating units of addition polymers are 2 carbons long

C is incorrect because this is the repeating unit that is created when but-2-ene is added and polymerised.

D is incorrect because the addition polymerisation is the reaction in which monomers containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds react together to form long-chain molecules and those are connected by single bonds

What is the repeating unit of PVC?

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

The answer is A

B is incorrect because this is poly(1,2 -dichloroethene)

C & D are incorrect because repeating units should not contain double bonds.